Effects of exercise intensity on gastrointestinal function: A systematic review

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Created On: 15/10/2025

This study sought to evaluate and consolidate existing research on exercise-induced gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances, focusing on their frequency, underlying mechanisms, contributing factors, and approaches for prevention and management.

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Key take away

Moderate-intensity exercise supports gut health by enhancing motility, reducing inflammation, and strengthening the gut barrier, whereas high-intensity or prolonged activity may provoke GI symptoms, particularly in those with underlying digestive disorders.

Background

Method

A systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that addressed GI symptoms resulting from different forms of physical activity. Data extraction and synthesis were executed to detect trends and inform clinical and sports-related practices.

Result

From the literature, 231 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. As found, consistent moderate-intensity activities—like walking, cycling, and yoga—can positively impact GI ailments such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, and constipation. Benefits are largely due to better intestinal motility, lower systemic inflammation, and enhanced gut barrier function.

Furthermore, mind-body practices like yoga and Tai Chi appear particularly beneficial for functional GI disorders, likely due to their influence on the gut-brain axis. However, vigorous or prolonged exercise can elicit symptoms like abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and nausea. These effects are often linked to reduced blood flow to the digestive tract and increased gut permeability. Factors like fitness level, nutrition, hydration, and pre-existing GI ailments play a critical role in modulating these outcomes.

Conclusion

Moderate physical activity serves as a supportive strategy for maintaining GI health and is generally well-tolerated. In contrast, high-intensity exercise must be approached with caution, particularly in those with known digestive issues. Tailored exercise routines and dietary planning are vital for maximizing health benefits while minimizing the risk of GI complications.